The State Capitol Police Department is comprised of seven work units - Investigative Court Services, Dignitary Services, Police & Security, a Bike Unit, Horse Patrol, the State Safety Office and a Communication Unit that handles alarms and calls for service. The Capitol Police have Officers working in Madison and in Milwaukee  The workforce consists of 40 full time sworn police officers, 11 full time non-sworn employees.

The Investigative Court Services Unit conducts complicated criminal investigations, processes over a thousand court cases annually and is highly skilled in the use of sophisticated surveillance and alarm devices used to detect criminal activity.

The Dignitary Unit is responsible to provide protective services to the Governor , his family and visiting dignitary. The Patrol Section is the uniformed and largest branch of the State Capitol Police and has staff stationed in Madison and Milwaukee. This Unit is responsible for the detection and preliminary investigation of crimes, traffic accidents, traffic violations and the protection of lives and property on DOA managed properties.

The State Safety Office is responsible to monitor and manage highly sensitive issues such as hazardous waste and material spills, confined entry, injury and accident investigations, investigations of loss claims and other situations impacting employees and visitors.

The Madison Office also has a Bike Unit - started back in 1994, which has proven to be a very good tool for the Capitol Police. Officers on bikes seem to be more approachable to the public and are able to respond to areas that the squad cars cannot cover.

The Capitol Police also has a Horse Patrol staffed by Full time and LTE officers. This Unit is not only a good public relations tool but is very helpful when crowd control is needed. The Horse Patrol assists the City of Madison Police Department during the Halloween event on State Street.